Time-indicating device.



N. GIUSTO.

TIME INDICAHNG DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6. m3.

3 SHEETSSHEET l.

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PEKIN 27 N, elusTo.

TIME INDICATING DEVICE.

- 'APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6. 1913- 1 168 797, Patented Jan.'18, 1916.

' BOMBAY 54' WITNESSES;

N. -GIUSTO.

TIME INDICATING D'EVICIE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, I9I3. 1 168,797. Patented Jan.18,1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

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-- constructions and arrangements of parts as- 1911, Serial No. 623,096.

"ingvpart of said longitude moons c rus'ro, 01* NEW. YORK, N. Y.TIME-INDICATING nnvrcn Serial 11 To all whom-it may concern:

0 Be it known that I, NICOLA Green), a subect of the King of .Italy,residing in the borough of Bronx, in the city, county, and- State ofNewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inTime-Indicating Devices, of which the following is a full, clear, andexactdescription, refer-- ence being had to the accompanying drawmgs,forming apart of this specification.

This lnvention relates to time indicating devices and particularly todevices of that class which are. capable of. exactly indicating thestandard and local time atany place on earth by means of theoperation'of easily adjustable parts, there being no necessity oftampering with the clock mechanism; and the present application is a,continuation of an application formerly filed b me for universal timeindicators, filed pril 24,

The primary object of this invention is to provide a timeindicatingdevice capable of giving time readings at any place on theearth, according to its geographical posit on, having easily operatedmeans for setting the readings to such geographical po-' sition. I

A further object of, this invention is to provide a time indicatingdevice of a simple construction, capable of giving the above mentionedindications, not requiring a spe-.

cial clock movement, but which can be fitted with standard movementsreadily found on the market.

A still further object is to provide a universal time indicating device,in which the casing is used for longitude graduations and forindications relating to the geographical position of diflerentlocalities, said indications being inserted in their proper position inreference to the time belts formgraduation. ith these and other Ob]8CtSin view as will more fully appear asthe description proceeds, myinvention consists in certain four hour watch having three readingdials; Fig.. 2 is a side view of the samepartly sectioned; Fig. 3 is afront view of a twelve hour watch'similar in its construction to theSpecification 0! Letters Patent.-

PATENT o'Fr'IoE.;.l;i

watch shownin Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a rear v e of the same; Fig. 5 is a sideviewj'partl broken away and Fig. 6 is a sidejvlew the same; Flg. 7 is afront view. of':-1" ferred construction of a twenty-four h watchconstructed in accordance with m invention; Fig. 8 is a, schematic side.sect on'al view of the same; Fig. 9 isa rear 7 Patented Jan. 18', 1916.

Continuation of application Serial No. 623,098, filed Ari-i124, i911.This application filed June 6, 191

view; and Fig. '10 is a. side view of the same showing the indicationsrelating to geo-. graphical positions or time of different localities;and Fig. 11 is a detail viewin. a larger scale of an arrangement forcontrolli g adjustable hands.

two parts; a time piece movement of any suitable formj-having concentricshafts for the hour, minute and second dials, in which the hands have.been substituted by revolving dials bearing the time, divisions; and acase-provided with longitudinal graduations, supplemented by eratedmeans for pointlng out in a clear and simple-manner thediiferentlongituderead ingsat which it is desired to set the watch; indicationsbeing also provided on the case, referring to standard times in thetwenty- 'four time vided, and also referring to dilferences be tweenlocal and standard time in the principadl localities of the .world, whenso de- S1I'e The drawings represent-my arrangement as appliedto gocketwatches, but the same can obviously e applied to time pieces of adifi'erentcharacter; especial importance being attached to marinechronometers, for which thesame is particularly useful, and in which itis essential that the mechanism should never be tampered with.

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a watch, in which 10 is the case, 11, 12' and13 are respectively the hour, minute andsecond dials, concentricallymoving at suitable different relativespeeds, and operated by the watchmechanism (not shown) dial 11 being subdivided in twenty-four segmentscorresponding to the hours, "revolution in one day;

divisions corresponding to minutes and making one revolution in onehour; and dial-13 having sixty divisions corresponding to seeonds andmakingone revolution in one minute.

the case in. any desired manner; on the cen- My indicating deviceconsists mainly bi.

suitable hand op-- twenty-four hour 14 1s a glass covering the dials,set in.

belts in which'the world is di- I,

smaller than that of minutes dial 12. This, is in its turn surrounded bya gulde ring 19,

attached to glass covering 14, another annular ring 20, filling thespace between ring 19 and the inside face of case 10, and beingrevoluble therein. Guide rings 17, 19, are attached to the glasscovering by means of rivets. Parts 22, pivoted on pins 23 fixed to ring19, serve to retain in place rings 18, 20; and by turning said parts 22ninety degrees from the position shown in the drawings,

rings 18, 20 can be removed, for the purpose of cleaning the glass. Thisdetail can of course be omitted if desired, and rings 18, 20 berevoluble but permanently retained by guide rings 17, 19. 'Disks 15 andrings 1.8, 20 are respectively provided with windows or sights 24,25,26, disclosing a section of the dials underneath for the time readings,said windows having a mark at the center to enable the operator toproperly set the same according to thedifierent longitudes, as will behereinafter described. For the longitude readings, I also provide a maingraduation and an auxiliary graduation; for the first one I use anannular space on the case around the dials, and for the second one I useguide ring 17, between disk 15 and ring 18. The main graduation is madeby time belts, or 15 degrees sections, for 180 degrees in eachdirection, starting at the top, the starting point being any wellrecognized standard meridian; each section of 15 degrees corresponds toone hour of difference in time, and being subdivided in six parts, eachsubdivision corresponds to a ten minutes difference in time. Annularring 17 is divided in fifteen main sections, numbered in both directionsfrom a starting point at the top, and each section is divided in foursubdivisions. In reference to' the readings of minutes of time, eachmain division of ring 17corresponds to one degree of longitude, andtherefore to four minutes in time; each subdivision correspondsconsequently to one minute in time. In reference to the readings ofseconds of time, the entire circumference corresponding to one minute intime, or to one-fourth of a degree of longitude, each divisioncorresponds to one minute of degree of longitude, and each subdivisioncorresponds to 15 seconds of degree of longitude or to one second intime. In the arrangements illustrated, it is supposed that the dials 11,12, 13, revolve in the usual direction to the right; during their move-1 the left of say three ment, the figures will gradually appear in theirnatural succession, through the sights provided in disk 15, and rings18, 20; these are shown set to the standard time of the startingmeridian. Itnis obvious that for every fifteen degrees of longitude tothe west, the time will become one hour less, while for every fifteendegrees to the east, the time will be one hour more. By moving ring 20to the right of fifteen degrees, we willread 23 hours instead of 24, andwe will have the timeof the standard meridian 15 degrees to the west ofthe starting meridian. In a similar. manner, revolving ring 18 to maindivisions of ring 17, we will have the reading of minutes in timecorresponding to a difference of three degreesof longitude to the west,twelve minutes less than the reading shown in the fig ures. By operatingdisk 15 we can obtain in an analogous manner the difference ofseclongitude dial corresponding to an hour, as

stated, when it is desired to set the watch for standard time only, itis not necessary to change the readings of the minute and seconds, asthe difference between each standard time-is exactly one hour; saidreadings will have to be adjusted only when, knowing the longitude of agiven place it is desired to know the local time at the same.

Figs. 3 to 6 illustrate a watch built on a principle analogous to thatjust described; with the difference that this is a twelve hour watch, inwhich the hour dial makes one entire revolution in twelve.hours.

Another difference in construction illustrated in said Figs. 3 to 6, isthe substitution of revoluble hands in place of disk 15 and ring 18 ofthe preceding figures. Referring to said drawings, 30 is the case of thewatch, 31 is the hour dial, 32 the minute dial, and 33 the second dial;said three dials revolving as before, to the right. 34 is the glasscovering, to which an annular ring 35 is fixed by means of rivets 36; aring 37 provided with a sight 38 is revolubly mounted between ring 35and the inside of case 30, and is retained in place by parts 39 pivotedon pins 40, attached to ring 35. 41, 42, are two normally stationaryhands, pivotally mounted on the center of glass covering 34, operated bymeans of foldable knobs 43, 44; the same are set respectively toindicate the minutes and seconds of time, according to the graduation ofring 35,,which is exactly the same as that of ring 17 in Figs. '1 and 2;the entire circumference corresponding to 15 degrees of longitude forthe setting of the minutes hand, and corresponding to fifteen minutes oflongitude for the setting of I the seconds hand. Hour dial 31 is dividedin twelve hours;- the front of the case is in the present instanceutilized for a graduation of 180 degrees of longitude in one direction,viz. for the hemisphere to the east of the starting meridian (Greenwich)while The remaining surface of the case, as illustrated in Figs. 3 to 6,is preferably divided in sections corresponding to time belts,comprising seven and a half degrees to the east, and seven and a halfdegrees to the west of each standard meridian; and the sectionscorresponding to each time belt are utilized for marking the difierencebetween local. time and standard time of the principal cities .therei'ncontained, or for giving indications relating to their geographicalposition.' Each timebelt section is subdivided in one sectioncorresponding to the eastern part of the belt, and one sectioncorresponding to the western part of the same; and the names, of thedifferent cities are marked accordingly. Forinstance, in the time beltcorresponding to eastern standard time, Fig. 4, two notations can beseen; one in the eastern part of the time belt, Bogota 56, 54, and thismeans that it is noon, local time, at

Bogota, when the standard time is 11 hours, 56 minutes and 54 seconds,a. m.; and one in the,western part of the belt, Habana, 29, 26, meaningthat it is noon, local time, at Habana, when the standard time is 12hours,

29 minutes, and 26 seconds p. m. Contemporaneous readings" of local andstandard times can also be had, by providing a mark on the glass, 45,corresponding to the starting meridian, and by setting the readings tothe local time; the figures on the dials corresponding to themark on theglass will give the standard time, while those corresponding to themiddle of ,sight 38 and to hands 41, 42, will give .the ideal time.

In Figs. 7 to 10, I illustrate a preferred form of putting my inventioninto practice in so far as the graduation of longitude and thearrangement of indicating means are concerned. Said figures refer toa'twentyfour hour watch in which the use of the concentric ring, dividedin fifteen main sections mounted on the transparent cover is avoided, bymeans of a special longitude graduation on the case; and of course itwill be understood that a. similar arrangement may be adopted inconnection with a twelve hour watch, without the necessity of anyfurther illustration. In said watch I also. show a special arrangementfor adjusting the posi-:

tion of the different handsin such a' way respectively the hour, minuteand second dial, rotating counter clockwise. There are three adjustableindicating hands, a hand 56 being used for the seconds dial, 57 for theminute dial, and 58 for the hour dial, said hands being-made in such amanner as to clearly distinguish one from another. In the handsillustrated in the drawings, said distinction is obtained by providingthe arrow portion 56, 57', and 58 of each end in close proximity of thedial that said hand is intended to serve. The main and the auxiliarylongitude graduations formerly provided one onthe case and the other onan annular concentric ring, are in the present instance provided both onthe face of the case, there being a main graduation 59, comprising the15 degree segments representing the time belts, and an auxiliarygraduation 60, which comprises fifteen main divisions, which correspondeach to one degree of longitude,

,sa'id divisions being each subdivided in four main parts, eachrepresenting one minute of time. Said auxiliary graduation can be readinone directionor the other, according to the position of the lace forwhich the time has to be read in ref drenee to the starting meridan. Theside and the rear portions of the case is also in the present instanceutilized for supplying indications relative to 4 v the geographicalposition or to the'time in different localities, in order to supply aready index of the principal informations which are necessary in actualpractice, and of course the name and 'the indications referring to thedifferent localities are inserted in their respective time belts. In theform illustrated in these drawings, the'hands are each integral witha-toothed ring rotatably mounted on top of a transparent covering 55.The minute hand 57 is integral with a toothed ring 61, and the hour handis integral with a toothed ring 62; toothed ring 61 can be operated bymeans ofa pin-- ion 63, in mesh with the same, mounted on a shaft 64',on which is also mounteda. pinion tegral with a toothed ring 72, in meshwith a pinion 73, which is independently operated by means of a handleor lever 74. It is obvious that when preferred, the hands can also inthe present instance be mounted in a way similar to that illustratedFig. 5.

is a transparent cover for the watch which is preferablysupplied with amark 76, opposite to the standard meridian; said mark will give thestandard time in the different localitiesfor the minute and secondreadings, since it is well known that the readings of standard time forminutes and seconds are the same for all standard times, the difi'erencein time between each standard meridian being exactly one hour. This lastdescribed form of embodiment of my invention is possessed of decidedadvantages over the ones previously described, because its cost ofmanufacture is lower, the readings are more readily effected, andmoreover it is possible to read not only the time of the 10- cality forwhich the indicating hands are set, but it is also possible to obtain ata glance, the time in that same moment at any of the diflerentlocalities which are written around each on the back of the case, simplyby reading the figures of time on the rotating dials which are oppositeto the graduation of longitude corresponding to the geographical.

position of said localities.

In Fig. 11, I illustrate another way for controlling the hour and minutehands from the outside, the same can be well applied for instance inconnection with the watch illustrated in Figs. 3 to 6. In said figures77 is an adjustable hand, and 78 is another ads justable hand, bothpivotally mounted on a pivot 79; hand 77 is provided with an internalconical gear 80, and hand 78 is provided with a conical pinion 81. 82designates a radially shiftable shaft at theend of which is mounted adouble pinion 83, which is shown in mesh with internalgear 80; byshifting shaft 82 downward, pinion 83 will be disengaged from gear 80,and will engage into mesh with. pinion 81. It is therefore seen that byrotating shaft 82, either hand 77 or hand 78 can be set to the desiredposition. 1

From the foregoing it will be seen that I provide convenient meanswhereby a perfeet adjustment of the indication of time of differentlocalities according to their geographical position, can be effected ina most simple manner; that I furnish means for knowing withoutcalculations the local and the standard time at any point of the earthat any given moment; and moreover that the means for adjusting thedifferent readings are entirely independent from the mechanism of thetime piece which needs never be tampered with; this being evidently anadvantage over the usual way of setting a watch for thechanges instandard time, which are necessary when traveling for considerabledistances, or for thechanges in local time which are effected whentraveling at sea, where the geographical position is taken at noon everyday.

It is obvious that where it is desired to produce a time piece onlygiving indications of standard time, the minutes and seconds indicatinghands of the watch illustrated in Fig. 7, can be omitted, sincethe markon the glass in correspondence of the standard meridian will besufficient to answer this purpose. This and various other changes can bemade in the construction of the different parts constituting my improveddevice, without departing from thespirit of my 75 invention; in thisconnection it may be noted that a cheaper time piece can be con--structed Without the second dial, where great accuracy is not required;also that thegradnations of longitude'can be marked directly -so on thetransparent covering, or in other manner different from that shown anddescribed, provided the same remain stationary; therefore I do not wishto confine myself to the shapes and styles shown and 85 described.

I claim:

1. The combination of a watch case, three concentric revolving diskshaped dials bearing respectively the hours, minutes and secondsdivisions of time, a main graduation on said case concentric thereto,comprising a number of segments equal to the number of hours on saiddial, an auxiliary graduation of longitude comprising fifteen segmentsand subdivisions of the same, revoluble hand operated means adjustablein reference to said main graduation automatically pointing out thediffer ent times on the hour dial according to the difierent longitudes,and revoluble hand operated means, adjustable in reference to saidauxiliary graduation, automatically pointing out the" different readingson the minutes and seconds dials, according to the smaller variations oflongitude.

'2. The combination of a watch case, concentrally revolving disk shapeddials bearing the divisions and subdivisions of time,

a main longitude graduation concentric I1 thereto, an auxiliarylongitude graduation also concentric thereto bearing the subdivisions oflongitude corresponding to an entire revolution of the minutes dial, atransparent disk shaped covering, and hand operated means adjustable inreference to said longitude graduations, automatically pointing out thedilferent times according to the different 'longitudes.

3. The combination of a plurality of disk shaped revolving dials bearingdivisions and subdivisions of time, a watch case bearing a graduationcorresponding to divisions and subdvisions of longitude, a disk shapedcovering of transparent material, hand operated means adjustable inreference to said graduation of longitude automatically pointing out thedifferent readings of time according to the different'longitudes, and amark on said covering corresponding to the standard meridian of saidlongitude graduation, pointing out at the same time the standard time ofthe places of which said adjustable means point out the local time.

4. The combination of a watch case, concentrically revolving disk shapeddials bearing the divisions and subdivisions of time,

a main longitude graduation concentrlc thereto, an auxiliary longitudegraduation the subdivialso concentric thereto bearin sions of longitudecorrespondlng to an en tire revolution of the Ininutes dial, a diskshaped transparent covering, hand operated means adjustable in referenceto said longitude graduations, automatically point- 5 ing out thedifierent times according to the diflerent longitudes, and a mark onsaid covering corresponding to the standard meridian of said longitudegraduation,

pointing out at the same time on the minutes 2o NIOOLA GIUSTO.

Witnesses:

A. ALBELOFF, L. ROSENFELD.

